1 ggplot()
1.1 查看示例数据
mpg# A tibble: 234 × 11
manufacturer model displ year cyl trans drv cty hwy fl class
<chr> <chr> <dbl> <int> <int> <chr> <chr> <int> <int> <chr> <chr>
1 audi a4 1.8 1999 4 auto… f 18 29 p comp…
2 audi a4 1.8 1999 4 manu… f 21 29 p comp…
3 audi a4 2 2008 4 manu… f 20 31 p comp…
4 audi a4 2 2008 4 auto… f 21 30 p comp…
5 audi a4 2.8 1999 6 auto… f 16 26 p comp…
6 audi a4 2.8 1999 6 manu… f 18 26 p comp…
7 audi a4 3.1 2008 6 auto… f 18 27 p comp…
8 audi a4 quattro 1.8 1999 4 manu… 4 18 26 p comp…
9 audi a4 quattro 1.8 1999 4 auto… 4 16 25 p comp…
10 audi a4 quattro 2 2008 4 manu… 4 20 28 p comp…
# … with 224 more rows1.2 查看数据的结构
str(mpg)tibble [234 × 11] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
$ manufacturer: chr [1:234] "audi" "audi" "audi" "audi" ...
$ model : chr [1:234] "a4" "a4" "a4" "a4" ...
$ displ : num [1:234] 1.8 1.8 2 2 2.8 2.8 3.1 1.8 1.8 2 ...
$ year : int [1:234] 1999 1999 2008 2008 1999 1999 2008 1999 1999 2008 ...
$ cyl : int [1:234] 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 ...
$ trans : chr [1:234] "auto(l5)" "manual(m5)" "manual(m6)" "auto(av)" ...
$ drv : chr [1:234] "f" "f" "f" "f" ...
$ cty : int [1:234] 18 21 20 21 16 18 18 18 16 20 ...
$ hwy : int [1:234] 29 29 31 30 26 26 27 26 25 28 ...
$ fl : chr [1:234] "p" "p" "p" "p" ...
$ class : chr [1:234] "compact" "compact" "compact" "compact" ...