8  position()

library(tidyverse)

── Attaching packages ─────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.2 ──
✔ ggplot2 3.3.6      ✔ purrr   0.3.5 
✔ tibble  3.1.8      ✔ dplyr   1.0.10
✔ tidyr   1.2.1      ✔ stringr 1.4.1 
✔ readr   2.1.3      ✔ forcats 0.5.2 
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()

8.1 stack

ggplot(mpg, aes(class, fill = manufacturer))+
  geom_bar(position="stack")  

8.2 identity

ggplot(mpg, aes(class, fill = manufacturer))+
  geom_bar(position="identity")  

ggplot(mpg, aes(class, fill = manufacturer))+
  geom_bar(position="identity",alpha=0.3)  

8.3 dodge

ggplot(mpg, aes(class, fill = manufacturer))+
  geom_bar(position="dodge")  

8.4 fill

ggplot(mpg, aes(class, fill = manufacturer))+
  geom_bar(position="fill")  

8.5 jitter

ggplot(mpg, aes(class, fill = manufacturer))+
  geom_bar(position="jitter")  

8.6 position_dodge2

ggplot(mpg, aes(class, fill = manufacturer))+
  geom_bar(position=position_dodge2(preserve="single",padding=0.2),width=0.9)  

8.7 实例

#添加误差线（注：本例只是为了展示效果，没有实际意义）
mpg2<-filter(mpg,class==c("compact","subcompact"))
group_ma<-group_by(mpg2,manufacturer,class)
#detach("package:plyr", unload=TRUE) 
data_sumr<- summarise(group_ma,n=n(),se=n()/(10*sqrt(n())))

`summarise()` has grouped output by 'manufacturer'. You can override using the
`.groups` argument.

data_sumr

# A tibble: 10 × 4
# Groups:   manufacturer [8]
   manufacturer class          n    se
   <chr>        <chr>      <int> <dbl>
 1 audi         compact        8 0.283
 2 ford         subcompact     4 0.2  
 3 honda        subcompact     5 0.224
 4 hyundai      subcompact     4 0.2  
 5 nissan       compact        1 0.1  
 6 subaru       compact        2 0.141
 7 subaru       subcompact     2 0.141
 8 toyota       compact        6 0.245
 9 volkswagen   compact        7 0.265
10 volkswagen   subcompact     3 0.173

p<-ggplot(data_sumr, aes(class,n,fill = manufacturer))
p1<-p+geom_bar(stat="identity",position = position_dodge(width=0.8), width=0.7)
p1+geom_errorbar(aes(ymin=n-se,ymax=n+se),width=0.2,position = position_dodge(width=0.8))